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The
Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, more commonly known as the Airborne
Cemetery, is a military
cemetery in Oosterbeek,
Arnhem,
the Netherlands.
It was established in 1945 and is home to 1759 graves from the Second
World War. Most of the men buried in the cemetery were Allied
servicemen killed in the Battle
of Arnhem, an Allied attempt to cross the Rhine
in 1944, or in the liberation
of the city the following year. Men killed in these battles
are still discovered in the surrounding area even in the 21st
century, and so the number of people interred in the cemetery
continues to grow
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Background.
In
September 1944 the Allies launched Operation
Market Garden, an attempt by the British
2nd Army to bypass the Siegfried
Line and advance into the Ruhr,
Germany’s industrial heartland. The operation required the 1st
Airborne Corps to seize several bridges over rivers and canals
in the Netherlands, allowing ground forces to advance rapidly
through the Netherlands and cross the River
Rhine.
The
British
1st Airborne Division was tasked with securing the most
distant objectives; bridges over the Lower
Rhine at Arnhem.[2]
The division dropped onto the area on 17 September and a small
force was able to secure the Arnhem
road bridge. However the unexpected presence of SS Panzer
troops of the II
SS Panzerkorps meant the Allies were never able to fully
secure their objectives and so after nine days without sufficient
reinforcement by the advancing ground forces, the division
was withdrawn on September 25.
In
the 9 days of battle almost 2000 Allied soldiers were killed (some
of whom died of their wounds or in captivity after the battle).
These included over 1174 men of the British 1st Airborne Division,
219 men of the Glider
Pilot Regiment, 92 men of the Polish
1st Independent Parachute Brigade, 368 men of the RAF,
79 re-supply dispatchers of the RASC,
25 men of XXX
Corps and 27 men of US IX
Troop Carrier Command. The exact number of German dead is
unknown, but is believed to be at least 1300. Additionally it is
believed 453 Dutch civilians were killed during the battle
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